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When you finished this lesson, you will be able to use this kind of construction in Japanese: "She wants him to do this".

Expressing desires of a third person is not a basic theme in any language, but it becomes necessary when you get better at the language and need a more complex sentence construction. First, let me clear up what a third person is. In grammar, third person is he, she, it, or they; that is, a person that is not you nor me.

In Japanese, we use たい with verbs to say "(I) want", but what many of us don’t know is that we cannot use just たい  in third person. We need to add みたい or ようだ after たい when we are talking in the third person.  The only difference between みたい and ようだ is that the latter sounds more formal than the former.

Person	English Example	Japanese Example
First person	I want to eat.	私は食べたい(です)。
Third person	She wants to eat.	彼女は食べたいみたい(です)。

Now you are able to express desire in third person using verbs, but what happens when there is no verbs, for example, she wants a car. As we can’t say "彼女は車がたいです。", we need ほしい with the が particle.

Person	English Example	Japanese Example
First person	I want a car.	私は車がほしい(です)。
Third person	She wants a car.	彼女は車がほしいみたい(です)。

The previous constructions are very useful, but with them, we are not still able to say "she wants him to do this" because in this kind of phrase there are two people interacting. How do we add one more person? Easy, just use the に particle to clarify the person who does the action.

Person	English Example	Japanese Example
First person	I want her to do it.	私は彼女にそれをやってほしい(です)。
Third person	She wants him to do it.	彼女は彼にそれをやってほしいみたい(です)。

That’s it, if you need to use it in negative you just use くない in ほしい because ほしい is actually an adjective, so its conjugation is the same as one.

Positive Sentence	Negative Sentence
私はやりたい(です)。	私はやりたくない(です)。
彼女はやりたいみたい(です)。	彼女はやりたくないみたい(です)。
私は彼女にそれをやってほしい(です)。	私は彼女にそれをやってほしくない(です)。
彼女は彼にそれをやってほしいみたい(です)。	彼女は彼にそれをやってほしくないみたい(です)。

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